From my viewpoint, a good coverage of the approach to stochastic processes of value to statisticians is the textbook that I had in graduate school,
D. R. Cox and H. D. Miller, The Theory of Stochastic Processes, Methuen & Co. Ltd, 11 New Fetter Lane, London, E.C.4., 1965.
I have no idea if it's still in print, but I would hope so. (Update: It seems to be available now from CRC Press, or Amazon, etc.) Measure theory is not used, and from my viewpoint, not necessary for applications. A little knowledge or familiaritywith or prior exposure to ordindary and partial differential equations and complex analysis is helpful when using this text.
I have used the techniques from this book to set up and solve the system of ordinary differential equations for the first passage time to zero inventory for a stock of repairable systems, assuming exponential distributions to events. For solving such systems, I used the techniques from
W. E. Boyce and R. C. DiPrima, Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems, 3rd Ed., John Wiley& Sons, New York, 1977.
For solving such systems, you may also want to take a look at the treatment of Jordan forms in my favorite linear algebra text
H. W. Brinkmann and E. A. Klotz, Linear Algebra and Analytic Geometry, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, MA, 1971.
Best wishes,
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Darwin Poritz, Ph.D.
Statistician, JSC Engineering, Technology, and Science Contract
Aerodyne Industries, LLC, M/S JE77
Crew and Thermal Systems Division (EC)
Johnson Space Center
2101 NASA Parkway
Houston, TX 77058
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