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Data Science Approaches to Vaccine Effect Analysis: Call for Contributions to a JDS Special Issue

  • 1.  Data Science Approaches to Vaccine Effect Analysis: Call for Contributions to a JDS Special Issue

    Posted 10-17-2022 08:39
    This is a reminder that the deadline for submission to this special
    issue is in two weeks.

    Best,
    Jun Yan

    On Mon, Jun 27, 2022 at 7:39 AM Jun Yan <jyan.statistics@gmail.com> wrote:
    >
    > (Apologies for cross-postings)
    >
    > Dear Colleagues, the deadline of this call for contributions has been
    > extended to October 31, 2022. Attached is a pdf flyer for ease of
    > sharing with people who might be interested.
    >
    > Best,
    > Jun Yan
    >
    >
    > On Fri, Feb 11, 2022 at 12:50 PM Jun Yan <jyan.statistics@gmail.com> wrote:
    > >
    > > Deadline: June 30, 2022
    > >
    > > Journal of Data Science (http://jds-online.org) invites submissions to
    > > a special issue on "Data Science Approaches to Vaccine Effect
    > > Analysis."
    > >
    > > Vaccine is an essential tool for stopping the spread of COVID-19.
    > > Evaluation of the effectiveness of the vaccines is important for the
    > > success of vaccines. Vaccine effect analysis consists of assessing the
    > > efficacy of vaccines in clinical trials and the effectiveness of
    > > vaccines under real world conditions. The Centers for Disease Control
    > > and Prevention (CDC)'s guidance on vaccine effectiveness analysis
    > > include (1) analysis for specific subpopulations, (2) reducing the
    > > risk of infection, (3) protection against mild COVID-19 illness, (4)
    > > preventing hospitalization, (5) reducing the spread of illness, (6)
    > > assessing duration of protection, (7) evaluating the impact of the
    > > virus new variants, (8) evaluating the effectiveness of a single dose
    > > and delayed second dose, and (9) evaluating impact of population host
    > > factors.
    > >
    > > The effect analysis may include two kinds of study designs, (1)
    > > randomized clinical trials and (2) observational studies. Since the
    > > infection and progression of COVID-19 are stochastic and dynamic, many
    > > unknown factors may play an important role, making accurate estimation
    > > of the vaccine effectiveness a great challenge in both randomized
    > > clinical trials and population-based observational studies. To
    > > stimulate discussions, we illustrate (incompletely) some challenges
    > > and recently developed statistical and machine learning methods for
    > > treatment effect estimation as follows.
    > >
    > > Methods for clinical trials:
    > >
    > > Recently, some investigators challenged the view that randomization
    > > implies unconfoundedness and claims that randomization and
    > > unconfoundedness are two separate concepts. We need further
    > > validations on both theoretical and numerical analyses about the
    > > relationships between randomization and unconfoundedness.
    > >
    > > The Cox proportional-hazards model is widely viewed as a causal model
    > > and used for treatment effect estimation in both randomized clinical
    > > trials and observational studies. However, some researchers concluded
    > > that the Cox hazard ratio is not causally interpretable and the Cox
    > > model still may suffer selection bias.
    > >
    > > Methods for observation data:
    > >
    > > Estimating the vaccine effectiveness in observational data raises two
    > > principal challenges. First, the treatment assignment mechanism is not
    > > known a priori. Therefore, there might be confounders, affecting both
    > > the vaccine and protection outcomes, which lead to selection bias. The
    > > second challenge is censoring. Censoring might be informative, which
    > > also may lead to bias.
    > >
    > > Machine learning (ML) methods for estimating the effects of
    > > treatments, including tree-based methods, the nonparametric Random
    > > Survival Forest, Bayesian Additive regression trees, Gaussian
    > > processes and, in particular, neural networks have grown rapidly. To
    > > address the challenges of selection and censoring biases,
    > > counterfactual survival analysis has been developed to incorporate
    > > censoring and balanced representation for individual treatment effect
    > > (ITE) prediction. These methods can be applied to COVID-19 vaccine
    > > effect analysis and their merits and limitations need to be
    > > investigated.
    > >
    > > To overcome the bias of Cox proportional-hazards model, existing
    > > methods for estimating treatment-specific hazard functions are able to
    > > address the challenges due to the potential presence of multiple
    > > sources of covariate shift: (i) non-randomized treatment assignment
    > > (confounding), (ii) informative censoring, and (iii) event-induced
    > > covariate shift.
    > >
    > > The effect of the vaccine may depend on the true patient status. The
    > > true patient status, however, is unknown and hidden. In addition, the
    > > confounding variables that affect both the potential outcomes and
    > > treatments are also hidden. The variational auto-encoder (VAE) that
    > > models the hidden variables can be integrated with the Cox model for
    > > unbiased treatment effect estimation. VAE-Cox model can be explored
    > > for COVID-19 vaccine effect analysis.
    > >
    > > We welcome original research articles (methods or computing), case
    > > studies, tutorials, reviews, and perspective articles. The formats are
    > > flexible. For example, short opinion or commentary articles are
    > > welcome regarding misleading discoveries in the literature and
    > > potential misuses of statistical or data science methods. Such
    > > articles may be as impactful as full-length research articles.
    > >
    > > Since 2003, Journal of Data Science has published research works on a
    > > wide range of topics that involve understanding and making effective
    > > use of field data. The journal has been reformed since July 2020 to
    > > better serve the data science community in the era of data science.
    > > Attractive features of the journal are completely free access, fast
    > > review, and reproducible data science. We look forward to your
    > > submissions.
    > >
    > > Guest Editors:
    > >
    > > Wenjiang Fu, Department of Mathematics, University of Houston
    > > Annie Qu, Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine
    > > Momiao Xiong, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University
    > > of Texas Health Science Center at Houston</jyan.statistics@gmail.com></jyan.statistics@gmail.com>